盈彩网玩法 - 盈彩网计划

来源：盈彩网必赚方案2021-03-05 17:48

教你五步把疼痛说清楚******

　　人在一生中或多或少都会经历疼痛困扰，91%的中国人经历过身体疼痛，34%的人每周都会经历身体疼痛。很多疾病最初被发现也是因为疼痛。能够正确描述你的疼痛有助于医生更准确找到背后的原因。然而，很多患者花费了很多时间也说不清自己怎么个痛法。

　　本周是中国镇痛周，学会下面“5步描述法”，您就对自己的疼痛情况掌握得八九不离十了。如果您还会自备一个笔记本，并能动态记录疼痛的变化，那就更能让医生迅速读懂你的痛！

　　第一步：告诉医生疼痛的部位

　　是脖梗子、肋叉（三声）子、胯骨轴子，还是波棱盖儿、脚脖子？如果说不清楚，可以当场掀开衣服给医生看。

　　如果是线上复诊的患友，可以画张示意图或者找张人体照片标记出疼痛的部位，帮助医生理解。

　　第二步：想想疼痛时间与频率

　　“持续时间”是指疼痛第一次出现的时间，是一周前、两月前、半年前、还是五年前。

　　“发作频率”是指一直痛（持续性）还是一阵儿一阵儿的，也就是阵发性的。如果是阵发性的，那么每次发作时间有多长，每阵发作间隔有多长。

　　很多患者不知道的是，有时候经过治疗，疼痛的程度也许缓解不明显，但是发作频率降低、发作时间缩短，也是病情改善的标志。

　　第三步：试着描述一下疼痛的性质

　　这就是医生口中常问的“怎么个疼法儿”？

　　表达能力强的患者，通常会给出各种各样有意思的形容。比较具有代表性以及专业性的描述大致如下，大家对号入座即可：酸痛、胀痛、火烧痛、针扎痛、串电痛、蚂蚁爬、绞痛、一碰就痛、刀割痛……

　　第四步：进阶到描述“疼痛的程度”

　　这便是俗称的“有多痛”。

　　向医生形容有多痛，可以利用视觉模拟量表给疼痛程度进行打分。如果我们将疼痛程度分为10级，最痛打10分，完全不痛打0分，从无痛、轻微疼痛、轻度疼痛、中度疼痛、重度疼痛到剧烈疼痛，您的疼痛程度可以打几分？

　　如果还是不能理解或者不好描述的话，简单告诉医生，夜间是否影响睡觉、白天是否影响工作生活也是可以的。

　　第五步：回忆诱因及影响疼痛因素

　　“诱因”指的是首次出现症状时可能的诱发原因，比如劳累、剧烈运动、外伤……

　　“加重或缓解因素”指的是疼痛出现以后，什么情况下会轻一点，什么情况下会重一点。比如休息、弯腰、排便、用药之后会好一些；按压、运动、睡眠不足之后会加重等。

　　文/崔旭蕾陈思（北京协和医院）

盈彩网玩法

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.